奥林匹斯山

奥林匹斯上的希腊诸神,以及在爱琴海四周的英雄,凡人与神奇生物

古希腊壁画《Nekyia》中的荷马史诗(奥德赛)场景细节(一)

永望镇:

在《 鸟瞰古文明.希腊篇》里提到过德尔菲的克尼多斯人公会堂( Lesche of the Knidians)饰有一幅萨索斯岛画家Polygnotus绘制的壁画,内容是奥德修斯的冥府之旅(内基亚)和特洛伊战争(伊利欧珀西斯)。帕萨尼亚斯在《希腊风土记》中对这幅壁画有一章非常详细的描述。本来计划几个小时搞定,然后用了两天时间查资料互相校对和确认,参照陈中梅译本和英译本《奥德赛》的相关章节,Jones,W & Ormerod, H.英译本《希腊风土记》以及各种古典学辞典,还原一下《内基亚》场景细节.

又亿次被屏,换个号发,顺便加点细节



Carl Robert修复的Nekyia局部


ACO游戏中的简易上色版本(省略了原壁画中间部分)

 

以下是局部图和内容,大致按照壁画从左到右顺序,引文部分来自《希腊风土记》和《奥德赛》

希腊神话中的冥河阿开荣,人物为Tellis,Cleoboea与摆渡人卡戎

There is water like a river, clearly intended for Acheron, with reeds growing in it; the forms of the fishes appear so dim that you will take them to be shadows rather than fish. On the river is a boat, with the ferryman at the oars.

Those onboard the boat are not altogether distinguished. Tellis appears as a youth in years, and Cleoboea as still a maiden, holding on her knees a chest such as they are wont to make for Demeter. All I heard about Tellis was that Archilochus the poet was his grandson, while as for Cleoboea, they say that she was the first to bring the orgies of Demeter to Thasos from Paros.


坐在秃鹫皮上的恶魔Eurynomus(帕萨尼亚斯你说是秃鹫就是秃鹫吧)

Higher upthan the figures I have enumerated comes Eurynomus, said by the Delphian guides to be one of the demons in Hades. But Homer's Odyssey, the poem called the Minyad, and the Returns, although they tell of Hades, and its horrors, know of no demoncalled Eurynomus. However, I will describe what he is like and his attitude in the painting. He is of a color between blue and black, like that of meat flies;he is showing his teeth and is seated, and under him is spread a vulture's skin.


阿尔卡狄亚公主奥格和伊菲墨得娅


Next after Eurynomus are Auge of Arcadia and Iphimedeia. Auge visited the house of Teuthras in Mysia, and of all the women with whom Heracles is said to have mated, none gave birth to a son more likehis father than she did. Great honors are paid to Iphimedeia by the Carians in Mylasa.

 

画面中的人物叫奥克努斯,他在编织一根绳子,一编好就被身后的母驴吃掉(某些人认为这是暗示奥克努斯贪婪的妻子,这里不引申了)。


After them is a man seated, said by the inscription to be Ocnus (Sloth). He is depicted as plaiting a cord, and by him stands a, eating up the cord as quickly as it is plaited. They say that this Ocnus was a diligent man with an extravagant wife. Everything he earned by working was quickly spent by his wife.


(假装是图)

提图俄斯(大地之子,因侮辱勒拖被阿波罗和阿尔忒弥斯所杀)

Tityos toois in the picture; he is no longer being punished, but has been reduced to nothing by continuous torture, an indistinct and mutilated phantom.


我见到提图俄斯,大地光荣的儿郎,

横躺平原,占地九个佩勒斯拉短长。

两只兀鹫分站两端,啄食他的肝脏,

陈译本《奥德赛》


米诺斯的女儿斐德拉和阿里阿德涅


Going on to the next part of the picture, you see very near to the man who is twisting therope a painting of Ariadne. Seated on a rock she is looking at hersister Phaedra, who is on a swing grasping in either hand the rope on each side. The attitude, though quite gracefully drawn, makes us infer the manner of Phaedra's death.


普洛克利斯(雅典王厄瑞克透斯之女,被丈夫克法洛斯误杀)和克吕墨涅


Beside Thyia stands Procris, the daughter of Erechtheus, and afterher Clymene, who is turning her back to Chloris. The poem the Returns says that Clymene was a daughter of Minyas, that she married Cephalus the son of Deion, and that a son Iphiclus wasborn to them. The story of Procris is told by allmen,how she had married Cephalus before Clymene, and in what way she was putto death by her husband.


我还见到斐德拉、普罗克里斯和阿里阿德奈,

歹毒的米诺斯秀美的姑娘,塞修斯曾

把她带出克里特,前往神圣雅典的山岗,


克洛里斯(花神)和提亚


Underneath Phaedra is Chloris leaning against the knees of Thyia. He will not be mistaken who says that all during the lives of these women they remained friends. For Chloris came from Orchomenus in Boeotia, and the other was a daughter of Castalius from Parnassus. Other authorities have told their history, how that Thyia had connection with Poseidon, and how Chloris wedded Neleus, son of Poseidon.

 

我还见到绝色的克洛里斯,奈琉斯的妻爱,

视其貌美,给出难以数计的聘礼家财。

她是亚索斯之子安菲昂最小的女儿,

其父曾以强力王统米努埃人的俄耳科墨诺斯地面。


忒拜公主墨伽拉


Farther within from Clymene you will see Megara from Thebes. This Megara married Heracles, but was divorced by him in course of time, on the ground that he had lost the children he had by her, and so thought that his marriage with her was unlucky.

 

我还见到墨佳拉,心志高昂的克瑞翁的女孩,

嫁给安菲特鲁昂的儿子,勇莽,不知疲倦。


厄利斯国王萨尔摩纽斯的女儿图罗


Above the heads of the women I have enumerated is the daughter of Salmoneus sitting on a rock

 

我眼见出身高贵的图罗,首先,

告诉我她乃雍贵的萨尔摩纽斯的女孩,

又说她是埃俄洛斯之子克瑞修斯的妻子,

与一条河流相爱,神圣的厄尼裴乌斯,


厄里芙勒(忒拜七雄安菲阿拉奥斯的妻子,接受贿赂导致丈夫被杀,这张图里的动作似乎在暗示她将哈尔摩尼亚项链藏在身上)


Beside whom is standing Eriphyle, who is holding up the ends of her fingers along her neck through her tunic, and you will conjecture that in the folds of her tunic sheis holding in one of her hands the famous necklace.


我还见到迈拉、克鲁墨奈和可恨的厄里芙勒,

接受贵重的黄金,将亲爱丈夫的性命弃舍。



厄尔裴诺耳和奥德修斯



先知泰瑞西阿斯和安提克蕾娅(奥德修斯的母亲)


Beyond Eriphyle have been painted Elpenor and Odysseus. The latter is squatting on hisfeet, and holding his sword over the trench, towards which the seer Teiresiasis advancing. After Teiresias is Anticleia, the mother of Odysseus, upon arock. Elpenor has on instead of clothes a mat, such as is usual for sailors towear.


其时,过来的是我母亲的魂魄,

安提克蕾娅,心志豪强的奥托鲁科斯的女儿,

我把她留在家里,前往神圣的伊利昂战斗。

眼见她后我心生怜悯,泪水涌出,

但尽管如此,我强忍极度的悲痛,不让她

临近羊血,直到对泰瑞西阿斯问过。

 

其时,忒拜人泰瑞西阿斯的魂魄前来,

手握金杖,知晓我为谁人,对我开讲:

‘宙斯的后裔,多谋善断的奥德修斯,莱耳忒斯的儿郎,

为何撇离阳光,不幸的人儿,来临

此地,看视死人,一个没有欢乐的地方?

现在,你可退离牲血,收起利剑,

以便让我饮血,对你把真情说讲。’




忒修斯和珀里托奥斯


Lower downthan Odysseus are Theseus and Peirithous sitting upon chairs. The former is holding in his hands the sword of Peirithous and his own. Peirithous is looking at the swords, and you might conjecture that he is angry with them for having been useless and of no help in their daring adventures. Panyassis the poet says that Theseus and Peirithous did not sit chained to their chairs, but that the rock grew to their flesh and so served as chains.


有提修斯和佩里托奥斯,神明们的光辉儿子  



Pandareos的女儿们


Polygnotus has painted them as girls crowned with flowers and playing with dice, and gives them the names of Cameiro and Clytie. I must tell you that Pandareos was a Milesian from Miletus in Crete, andimplicated in the theft of Tantalus and in the trick of the oath.


  


福科斯和Iaseus。福基斯人Iaseus曾经将一枚印章形戒指赠送给埃阿科斯之子福科斯


Beyond them has been painted Phocus as a stripling, and Iaseus, well bearded, is taking off a ring from the left hand of Phocus. The story about this is as follows. When Phocus, the son of Aeacus, had crossed from Aegina into what is now called Phocis, and wished to gain the rule over the men livingon that part of the mainland, and to settle there himself, Iaseus conceived agreat friendship for him. Among the gifts that Iaseus gave (as friends will) was asealring, a stone set in gold. But when Phocus returned, not long afterwards, to Aegina, Peleus at once plotted to kill him. This is the reason why in the painting, as a reminder of their great friendship, Iaseus is anxious to look at the ring and Phocus has let him take it.


西西弗斯的孙女Maera


Beyond these is Maera sitting on a rock. About her the poem Returns says that she was still a maid when she departed this life, being the daughter of Proetus, son of Thersander, who was a son of Sisyphus. 



阿里斯塔俄斯和阿克特翁。阿尔忒弥斯将阿克特翁变成一只鹿,被自己的猎犬撕碎。 


Next to Maera is Actaeon, son of Aristaeus, together with the mother of Actaeon; they hold in their hands a young deer, and are sitting on a deer's skin. A hunting dog lies stretched out beside them, an allusion to Actaeon's mode of life, andto the manner of his death.

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